Image result for parasitologyCooperia
·         In temperate areas, members of the genus Cooperia usually play a secondary role in the pathogenesis of parasitic gastroenteritis of ruminants.
·         Some species are responsible for severe enteritis in calves.
·         They are most numerous in the intestine.

Species
Host
Location/site
Cooperia oncophora t
Cattle
Small intestine
Cooperia punctata w
Cooperia pectinata w
Cooperia surnabada
Cattle and sheep
Cooperia curticei t
Sheep and goat
                  t More commonly found in temperate areas
                        w More commonly found in warmer areas
Distribution: World wide
Identification:
Gross:
·         In size Cooperia are similar to Ostertagia (upto 1.0cm)
·         All species possess very large bursa
·         In C. curticei, ‘Watch spring like posture’ is most characteristic.
Microscopic:
·         Small cephalic vesicle (also in Hyostrongylus spp., Nematodirus spp.) and possesses very large bursa
·         Transverse cuticular striation in the oesophageal region.
·         The spicules usually is large, expended in the middle region and often bear ridges. (Branched spicule: Ostertagia spp (3 distal brach)  and Hyostrongylus: (2 distral brach); long narrow spicule: Mecistrocirrus spp; Thick spicule: Trichostrongylus spp)
·         No gubernaculum
·         The females have a small vulvar flap (larger valvar flap in Ostertagia spp, Haemonchus spp.) and a long tapering tail.

 










Life Cycle:
·   Bionomic requirement of C. oncophora and C. curticei similar to Ostertagia.
·   Developed on the surface of the species
·   Some of the species penetrate the epithelium.
·   Bionomic requirement C. punctata and C. pectinata similar to Haemonchous.
PPP: varies form 15-18days.


Pathogenesis:
·   C. oncophora and C. curticei   are the mild pathogen for calves and lambs respectively. Associated with inappetence and poor weight gains.
·   Strong immunity developed after one year form concurrent infection.
·   C. punctata, C. pectinata and C. surnabada are more pathogenic as they penetrate the epithelial surface of intestine and cause a distruption smilar to that of intestinal trichostrongylosis which lead to villous atrophy and reduction of absorbable surface.
·   In heavy infections, diarrhea has been reported.

Clinical Signs:
·   Loss of appetite
·   Poor weight gains
·  
C. punctata and C. pectinata
 
Diarrhoea
·   Severe weight loss
·   And submandibular oedema

Diagnosis, Treatment and Control:
·         Similar to ostertagiosis

Note: A closely related parasite Paracooperia nodulosa is responsible for severe nodular enteritis in Buffalo in Asia, Africa and South America.


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